| Frequently Asked
Questions
Q: What is
photovoltaics or "PV"?
A: Photovoltaic can be defined simply as
light-electricity. And that's just what photovoltaic
materials and devices do; they convert light energy to
electricity.
Q: How is electricity produced from sunlight?
A: When certain semiconducting materials, such as
specific types of silicon, are exposed to sunlight, they
release small amounts of electricity. This photoelectric
effect is the basic physical process in which solar electric
or PV cells convert sunlight to electricity.
Sunlight is made up of particles of solar energy called
photons. Photons contain various amounts of energy, and when
they strike a PV cell, and are absorbed, generate
electricity. When this happens, the energy of the photon is
transferred to an electron in an atom of the PV cell (which
is a semiconductor) –thus, “capturing” the electricity.
Q: What are the components that make up a photovoltaic
(PV) system?
A: PV system components include PV modules or panels
(groups of PV cells), a charge regulator or controller and
battery for a stand-alone system; an inverter for a
utility-grid-connected system, wiring, and mounting
hardware.
Q: How long do photovoltaic (PV) systems last?
A: Modern PV systems can stand the test of time. One
that is professionally engineered, designed well, installed,
and well maintained can operate for well over 30 years. A
basic enclosed panel of PV cells has no moving parts and can
last up to 50 years.
Most PV system problems occur because of poor installation.
Cheap panels and components, failed connections, and
insufficient wire size are the most common contributors to
system failure. High quality panels and components tend to
be much more efficient than their cheaper counterparts, and,
thus, have much better rates of production.
Q: How much electricity does a photovoltaic (PV) system
generate?
A: A 10% efficient PV system in most areas of the United
States will generate about 180 kilowatt-hours per square
meter. A PV system rated at 1 kilowatt will produce about
1800 kilowatt-hours per year. |
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